The Identification of QTL Associated with Cotton Fruit Branch Length Suitable for Mechanized Harvest Utilizing BSA-seq

[Objective] This study aims to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cotton fruit branch length by using the combination of bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. [Method] In this study, the cotton F₂ segregating population was developed with the short branch line Sujimian 125 and long-branch variety Sikang 1 as cross parents. According to the average internode length of fruit branches in middle, extreme individuals in F₂ population were divided into two groups to generate the bulked DNA samples. The whole-genome resequencing of two DNA bulks was applied to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (InDel) between two groups, and the fruit branch internode length related QTLs were detected using Euclidean distance (ED). [Result] With SNP data obtained from sequencing, a 0.8 Mbp range associated region on chromosome A3 was identified; with InDel data obtained from sequencing, a 1.09 Mbp range associated region on chromosome A3 was identified. Two regions overlapped, and the overlapped range was 0.77 Mbp. [Conclusion] This result suggested that the difference between I-type fruit branch and zero-type was due to different genetic locus and pattern rather than dosage effect of the same gene.     

楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计与应用

土地成本在集约化养殖总成本中占比越来越高,尤其是在城镇化大背景之下。如何显著提高养猪场土地利用率,摊平综合成本,提高土地亩均产出,是整个行业都在考虑的问题。2019年12月17日,自然资源部、农业农村部在《自然资源部农业农村部关于设施农业用地管理有关问题的通知》中指出:"养殖设施允许建设多层建筑",使楼房养猪得到政策支持,但是,配套的楼房养猪空气过滤系统成为亟待解决的问题。文章汲取既往养猪场空气过滤系统设计、应用中积累的经验,为楼房养猪空气过滤系统方案作出综合探究,阐述楼房养猪空气过滤系统设计的理论依据,以及实际应用中需要注意的问题,为逐步实现楼房养猪空气过滤系统标准化提供思路。     

番茄新品种“昌红一号”的选育

"昌红一号"是以F90为母本,以H28为父本杂交选育而成的早中熟、大红中果型番茄F_1杂交种。属无限生长型,生长势中等,叶量中等,节间适中;第1花穗着生节位为第6～7节,坐果率高,果实整齐,转色均匀;高、低温条件下均能正常坐果,果实正圆形,果色光艳,不易裂果,较耐贮运;果形指数0.85,平均单果质量145 g左右;抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)、花叶病毒病(ToMV)、叶部病害、茎基腐病;连续坐果能力强,产量高,平均667 m~2产量在8 000 kg以上。适合长季节保护地栽培,特别适宜秋冬保护地及病毒病高发区栽培。     

我国云南、湖北和山东葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性检测

为明确我国云南省宾川县、湖北省公安县和山东省烟台市葡萄产区霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性发生态势,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了这3个产区共127株葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗性频率及抗性水平。结果显示,不同区域间病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均存在差异。其中,湖北省公安县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较高,抗性频率达92.0%,高抗菌株占76.0%,低抗菌株占16.0%,敏感菌株占8.0%;山东省烟台市霜霉病菌的抗性频率为74.0%,低抗菌株占64.0%,高抗菌株占10.0%,敏感菌株占26.0%;云南省宾川县霜霉病菌的抗性频率和抗性水平均较低,抗性频率为29.6%,敏感菌株占70.4%,低抗菌株占29.6%,无高抗菌株。     

Combining ability of yield and yield components among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae-compatible and Striga-resistant sorghum genotypes

ABSTRACT

Use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars with partial resistance to Striga spp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS) represents a novel strategy to control Striga. This study aimed to identify the nature of gene action controlling grain yield and yield components and to select promising sorghum crosses possessing both FOS compatibility and Striga resistance, along with good combining ability effects. One-hundred hybrids, developed from pairwise matings among 10 FOS compatible, high-yielding female lines and 10 Striga-resistant male lines, were evaluated with and without FOS inoculation. The F₁s were field evaluated at three locations in Tanzania known for their severe Striga infestation, using an alpha lattice design with two replications. General (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were significant for grain yield per plant, hundred-seed weight, plant height, flowering time and the number of Striga plants. The study demonstrated FOS inoculation to be an effective means of controlling Striga. Families 675?×?672, AS435?×?3993 and 4643?×?AS436 displaying large SCA effects for grain yield, and 4567?×?AS429, 3424?×?AS430 and 3424?×?AS436 with small SCA effects for Striga counts should be useful genetic resources for breeding and integrated Striga management.     

Expression and functional analysis of the Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) gene in the sheep ovary during the oestrous cycle

Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is a regulator of cellular apoptosis and was previously identified via RNA-Seq to be associated with follicular development in mammalian ovaries. However, the mechanism underlying the FSTL3 regulation of oestrus in sheep remained poorly understood. In this study, the oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations in blood were detected, and the expression level and functional analysis of FSTL3 in the ovary were studied during the different reproductive stage in Aohan fine wool sheep (seasonal breeding breed in China). The concentrations of E2 and P4 at the anestrus were significantly lower compared to dioestrus, proestrus and oestrus stages. Higher expression levels of FSTL3 were observed in the sheep ovary, hypothalamus, and thyroid. During different reproductive stages, higher expression levels were found during the stages of dioestrus and proestrus, while lower levels were found during the oestrus and anestrus stages. Functional analysis of FSTL3 was performed in primary granulosa cells (GCs) of sheep. The concentration of E2 increased significantly after RNAi interference of FSTL3, while the P4 level decreased. FSTL3 can decrease P4 levels, which might be involved in mediating oestrous cycle in sheep.     

马铃薯高世代选系疮痂病抗性评价及SSR辅助筛选

利用国外种质资源创造的20 份高世代马铃薯无性系为试材，以尤金为感病对照，克新18 号为抗病对照，采用自然 病圃和人工接种的鉴定方式进行疮痂病抗性评价，利用SSR 分子标记分析试材之间的亲缘关系，并对比SSR 遗传相似性系 数聚类结果和试材抗病性分类结果，探究利用SSR 分子标记辅助筛选疮痂病抗病资源的可行性。从试验地土壤和感病块茎 共分离纯化具有链霉菌特征的菌株278 份，其中240 份来自于块茎，38 份来自于土壤。具有致病力的菌株127 株，经鉴定 全部属于Streptomyces scabies 菌种。试材间的抗病性存在明显差异，可分为高抗、中抗、中感和高感4 个类型。人工接种与 自然病圃抗性鉴定结果存在极显著相关（R²=0.946 7）。抗病类型与感病类型通过SSR 遗传相似性系数聚类大致可以区分。     

Genome-wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm

Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.     

山东省小麦田大穗看麦娘抗性水平、靶标抗性机理及田间防除效果测定

【背景】大穗看麦娘（Alopecurus myosuroides）是我国大陆近几年新发展蔓延的一种恶性禾本科杂草,目前已在山东、河南、河北、安徽等省有分布,且分布面积不断扩大。【目的】明确山东省冬小麦田大穗看麦娘对常用除草剂的抗性水平及部分种群产生抗性的机理,并评价不同除草剂对其田间防除效果,为制定小麦田大穗看麦娘防控技术规程提供理论依据。【方法】室内采用整株生物测定法测定9个大穗看麦娘种群对乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂除草剂啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆以及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）抑制剂除草剂唑啉草酯、炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵共5种除草剂的抗性水平,并对产生抗性的种群进行靶标基因检测,同时分别在冬前和冬后开展田间试验,评价不同除草剂对大穗看麦娘的田间防除效果。【结果】室内测定结果表明,种群8（JN2）对啶磺草胺和甲基二磺隆产生明显抗性,相对抗性指数分别达到47.32、15.97,靶标基因检测显示,该种群内植株ALS基因编码的第197位点氨基酸发生由脯氨酸（CCC）到苏氨酸（ACC）的突变;所有种群对唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵均表现敏感。田间试验结果表明,冬前使用除草剂对大穗看麦娘的防除效果优于冬后使用除草剂的效果,冬前唑啉草酯对大穗看麦娘鲜重防效为98.6%,而冬后处理为89.1%;冬前使用啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆对大穗看麦娘的株防效和鲜重防效在72.2%—89.3%,冬后使用则为68.6%—83.2%;唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵对大穗看麦娘均表现出很好的防除效果,冬前使用的株防效和鲜重防效均在96.2%以上,冬后使用在82.6%—92.2%。【结论】供试的9个大穗看麦娘种群中,发现1个种群对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺产生较高抗性,但未发现对唑啉草酯等产生抗性的种群,室内试验和田间试验结果具有一致性。     

甜椒L 3应对辣椒轻斑驳病毒及中椒系列新品种的选育

辣（甜）椒是我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜作物,年播种面积约2.2×10⁶ hm²,其中甜椒约5×10⁵hm²。生产上传统病害如疫病、病毒病等依然严峻,近年来辣椒轻斑驳病毒（PMMoV,烟草花叶病毒属）等新型流行病害爆发,严重制约甜椒生产;同时,消费者对品种的品质、多样性提出更高要求。笔者课题组先后从国内外引进甜（辣）椒种质资源1 400余份,通过鉴定、评价,筛选出具有抗病毒病、白粉病和果大、皮薄、光泽度好、品质优等优良性状的种质资源120余份。构建了与抗TMV（L³、L⁴）、抗番茄斑点萎蔫病毒TSWV（Tsw）等重要性状紧密连锁的分子标记,辅助育种准确率达90%以上。通过常规育种技术和分子标记相结合,创制出含有抗PMMoV（P_0,1,2）L³,且兼具抗TMV、ToMV、PMMoV（P_0,1,2）、CMV和疫病,果大、果实均一度高、光泽度好等综合性状优良、配合力高的甜椒骨干亲本‘0516’,以其为骨干亲本,培育出4个新一代优质、多抗、适应不同生态区的新品种‘中椒105号’‘中椒106号’‘中椒107号’‘中椒108号’。上述系列新品种含有L ³,抗TMV、PMMoV（P_0,1,2),兼抗CMV和疫病;果实形状大小、色泽、整齐度等商品品质,Vc等营养品质显著提高。